Dr. Paul Nam. Missouri S&T professor of chemistry. Photo by B.A. Rupert
Several glass containers filled with algae-stained water sit on a table in Paul Nam‘s laboratory. Next to the big green bottles are two much smaller vials containing an oily substance. At first, the amount of potential fuel in these little vials doesn’t seem too impressive. But Dr. Nam says algae could play a big role in the unfolding dramas associated with finding alternative sources of energy and reducing greenhouse gases.
Nam, who has spent much of his career studying the versatile uses for soybeans, says algae could be the next big thing. He points to a study by the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Renewable Energy Laboratories as evidence. The study showed that algae, if we think of it as a crop, is capable of yielding up to 10,000 gallons of oil per acre on an annual basis. By way of contrast, corn yields 18 gallons per acre and soybeans yield 48 gallons per acre.
“There are three main problems facing the world,” says Nam, an assistant professor of chemistry at Missouri S&T. “We have a food shortage, a fuel shortage and a need to curb pollution.”
Nam thinks algae could help address all three concerns. If more fuel were produced from algae, then more corn and soybeans could be grown for food. And the Earth-friendly attributes of algae make it even more intriguing. Algae consume carbon dioxide and can be grown in wastewater. This means they can be used to take some pollution out of the air and water.
That is exactly what Nam and some colleagues from various universities have done at a coal-fired power plant in Chamois, Mo. The research team cultivates algae in five 2,500-gallon pools located at the plant. The algae literally take some of the carbon dioxide emissions from the plant’s smokestack.
“So we are recycling carbon dioxide and we are also interested in turning the algae biomass into biofuels,” Nam says.
The research team is using strains of algae native to Missouri. Unlike macro-algae (seaweed), these strains are microscopic. They don’t become visible until they have multiplied many times. But, as those who are familiar with algae-infested ponds know, the rate of reproduction is very fast.
One of the problems Nam is working on has to do with removing the water from the algae in order to then extract the oil. The oil content in algae makes it float, but Nam has developed a method to encourage the slimy stuff to settle to the bottom of a water-filled container.
Once the oil has been extracted for biodiesel, the defatted algae are mainly carbohydrates and protein that can be used for ethanol production and animal feed, respectively. “By making as many products as you can from one source, you can offset costs,” he says.
By Missouri S&T Magazine staff
This story was originally published in Missouri S&T Magazine.
Read additional stories from the Spring 2009 issue.
What a great work! You are saving the Earth!
Has there been any papers written on the chemistry and synthesis of this process especially with reference to the digestion of CO2?